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151	ABS-643	1. Mathematics Education
The Effect of Problem Based Learning on Critical Thinking Ability in Mathematics Education Maulidiya, E Nurlaelah Prodi Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Prodi Pendidikan Matematika, Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract Critical thinking is considered necessary to everyone because the ability to think critically is one of the requirements of education process. Therefore, it is very important for students in various levels of education to learn to think critically. One of learning models that increases the critical thinking ability and involves students role actively is Problem Based Learning. The purposes of this experimental quantitative research were to examine the ability of students critical thinking, the students activity and the teachers ability in managing the learning process by using Problem Based Learning. The method of this study was Pre Experimental Design with one-group post-test design with no control class. The data were collected through the test items and the observation sheet. The results showed that the students critical thinking ability increase by using Problem Based Learning model on enumeration rule, both the students activity during the learning process and the teachers ability in managing the learning were in active category. Based on the results of the research and data analysis, the authors concluded that Problem Based Learning can increase the students critical thinking ability. Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Critical Thinking Ability, Enumeration Rule PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Maulidiya -)

152	ABS-388	1. Mathematics Education
Investigating The Misconception of Students in Initial Algebra H Beeh(1*), R Rosjanuardi (2), A Jupri (2) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *henry_az[at]student.upi.edu 2) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract Misconception on algebra is one of the fundamental problems in mathematics learning. Misconception on algebra is a condition in which the student does not correctly understand and master the algebraic concept. This can cause students fail in building a correct knowledge framework, both in the concept of algebra and in other mathematical concepts using algebra. This study aims to reveal the phenomenon of misconceptions in initial algebra. A total of 52 eighth grade students from two different schools were given an algebra test and six students were interviewed afterwards. The results showed that most students made mistakes and were not correctly understanding simple algebraic forms, such as variables, coefficients and similar terms. It was concluded that students experienced some misconceptions on the basic concept of algebra. Keywords: concept, misconception, initial algebra PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Henry Alvredh Zeviano Beeh)

153	ABS-644	1. Mathematics Education
Analysis of mathematical problem solving ability students of junior high school according to Polya model S H Kaliky1*, E Nurlaelah2 and A Jupri2 1Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia *hajars_kaliky20[at]yahoo.com 2Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract This research aims to analyze the mathematical problem solving ability of students on the subject of the triangle. This research used descriptive qualitative method and involved 35 students in grade 8 at a junior high school. The instrument is way a written test consisting of three items of problem solving. Analysis was conducted according to Polya model. This study showed that the problem solving ability of students still in a weak category. It is seen from the weak ability of students to understand the problem, devise a plan to solve problems, execute plans problem solving, and verification. Besides plan the lack of mathematical problem solving ability of students can be seen from the test results of students who received an average score that is well below the average problem-solving abilities Keywords: Triangle, Mathematical problem solving, Polya model PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sitti Hajar Kaliky)

154	ABS-645	1. Mathematics Education
Lift the Flap Story Book Based on Child-Friendly: Improving the Ability of Students Mathematical Connection Dwi Ardi Meylana; Pratiwi Pujiastuti, Kus Eddy Sartono Program Pascasarjana Pendidikan Dasar, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jl. Colombo No.1, Caturtunggal, Depok, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia Abstract This study aimed to: 1) produce a lift the flap story book based on child-friendly which is feasible to improve the ability of students mathematical connection; and 2) reveal effectiveness of the media in improving the ability of students mathematical connection. This study is research and development. The preliminary data is collected through observation, questionnaire, and interview techniques to 173 students of fourth grade. The results of a preliminary study are used to basic of media development. Furthermore, data collected by scales and tests. The data analysis used descriptive analysis, normality dan homogeneity data, dan t-test. The results showed that: 1) the media has passed the criteria of feasibility based on expert validation result, the responses scale of teachers and student (very good); 2) the media has developed is effective to improve the ability of students mathematical connection based on t-test result where sig.2 tailed value <0,05. The result of t-test for control class and experimental class I is indicated by sig.2 tailed 0,008 <0,05 while control class and experimental class II is indicated by sig.2 tailed 0,002 <0,05. Through media has been developed, students can improve the ability of mathematical connections and internalize the moral message about child-friendly. Keywords: child-friendly, mathematical connection, picture story book PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Ardi Meylana)

155	ABS-134	1. Mathematics Education
Algebraic visualisation: difficulties of students at junior high school Charity Muchoko, Al Jupri and Surfyani Prabawanto Depertmen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract Algebra has been considered as a key aspect in forming the base to courses in advanced Mathematics and Science coursework in Secondary and Post-Secondary Education. Failure for students in algebra has become a big barrier for students to proceed with education. We argue that for students to be successful in secondary school algebraic topics such as equations and functions, and in post-secondary courses such as Calculus and Algebra, they need to overcome difficulties that they have in the basic aspects of algebraic operations. The study aimed to explore and describe difficulties that students have in algebraic operations at junior secondary school. This study used descriptive case study and sampling is purposeful. 30 students were given test on algebraic operations. Their work was analysed by identifying the difficulties students have when they factorise and simplify algebraic expressions. Results showed that students have difficulties in visualising algebraic forms and applying the associativity and distributive properties of algebraic expressions when they factorise or simplify algebraic terms. We conclude that algebraic visualization is a key aspect for success in Mathematics. Teachers are encouraged to investigate on difficulties of students in algebraic operations and provide instructional material that help students overcome certain learning obstacles. Keywords: Algebraic visualization, difficulties of students, algebraic operations PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Charity Muchoko)

156	ABS-390	1. Mathematics Education
Improving mathematical communication ability through problems based learning model M Meiriyanti, S Suhendra, and E Nurlaelah Departemen Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung Abstract This study aims to examine the improvement of mathematical communication ability of students who learn with Problem Based Learning and students who learn by Direct learning. This study is a quasi experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. The population is all students of class XI one of Senior High School in Indragiri Hilir regency, Riau by taking sample of class XI IPA 3 students as experimental group that get Problem Based Learning (PBL) and XI IPA 1 as control group that get Direct learning. The problem studied is the improvement of students mathematical communication ability. The instrument used is the test of mathematical communication ability. Quantitative analysis uses the t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. While qualitative analysis done descriptively. Based on the data analysis obtained in this study, it is found that the mathematical communication ability of students who get Problem Based Learning is significantly better than the students who learn by direct learning. Keywords: mathematical communication, Problem Based Learning PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MEIRI YANTI)

157	ABS-647	1. Mathematics Education
Application of Investigation Group Learning Model on Triangel Lesson Lina Izzati (1), Musafir Kumar (2), Nanang Priatna (3) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia. *linaizzati[at]upi.edu 2) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Hasan Krueng Kalee Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia. 3) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia. Abstract Cooperative learning is a learning tool that prioritizes cooperation among students in groups to achieve learning objectives. The learning model has several types, including cooperative learning model of investigation group type and direct learning model. This type of research is exsperimental research and pre-eksperimental design type pre-test and post-test with quantitative approach. Population in this study were all students in grade VII of state junior high school 3 Banda Aceh, while the sample was taken two classes by random sampling that is class VII6 which apllied by model of investigation group study type and class VII4 applied by non group investigation model. Data collection is done by using the test. Quantitative data processing is done by using two way t-test with a significant level of 0,05. Based on data analysis can be concluded that there is no difference of student learning outcomes on the application of learning model type of investigation group with student learning outcomes on the application of non group investigation model on triangle lesson in grade VII students of state junior high school 3 Banda Aceh. Keywords: Model Of Study Investigation Group, Learning outcome on triangle lesson PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lina Izzati)

158	ABS-136	1. Mathematics Education
Smart Mathematics: a Kindergarten Student Learning Media Based on the Drill and Practice Model Dwi Ely Kurniawan, Afdhol Dzikri Politeknik Negeri Batam Abstract Teachers still face difficulties in catching up to new teaching methods, especially the kindergarten teachers. The problem is their inadequate application of relevant advanced learning media technology. This should have been done by integrating learning and playing, in an enjoyable atmosphere, to stimulate the creativity of children. This research aimed to enhance kindergarten cognitive ability of children in understanding general knowledge, general science, and the concepts of shape, pattern, size, and color using the drill and practice model, and identify effectiveness application of interactive multimedia on the learning outcome of students. This development of interactive multimedia application was storyboard-driven and employed the Hannafin and Peck methodology. During the research, 30 Islamic kindergarten student all over Batam was involved. The interactive multimedia application evaluation included pre-test and post-test. The data from these tests were then analyzed using the quantitative descriptive method. The evaluation consisted of the functional and significance test. Based on the pre-test and post-test results, the significance test resulted in Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05, which indicated the effectiveness of the interactive multimedia application. Keywords: cognitive ability, interactive multimedia, drill and practice PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Ely Kurniawan)

159	ABS-137	1. Mathematics Education
Application of Adobe Flash Media to Optimize Jigsaw Learning Model in Geometry material Imam Pakhrurrozi, Imam Sujadi, Ikrar Pramudya Universitas Sebelas Maret Abstract This study aims to determine and describe the effectiveness of the application of adobe flash media for jigsaw learning model on geometry material. In this study, the modified jigsaw learning with adobe flash media is called jigsaw-flash model. This research was conducted in Surakarta. The research method used is mix method research with exploratory sequential strategy. The results of this study indicate that students feel more comfortable and interested in studying geometry material taught by jigsaw-flash model. In addition, students taught using the jigsaw-flash model are more active, motivated, and than the students who were taught using ordinary jigsaw models. This shows that the use of the jigsaw-flash model can increase student participation and motivation. It can be concluded that the adobe flash media can be used as a solution to reduce the level of student abstraction in learning mathematics. Keywords: Jigsaw, Adobe flash Media PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imam Pakhrurrozi)

160	ABS-393	1. Mathematics Education
Improving self-confidence with active knowledge sharing model on mathematics learning in primary school Nurdin Kamil, Jailani Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Abstract Mathematics is a learning that is always used in everyday life, so everyone has to master a certain field in mathematics. The ability of mastery of mathematics not only in learning but also must be able to connect some ability of thinking between ideas and understanding mathematics. Confidence in learning mathematics is an obstacle for some students who feel themselves unable to master the learning of mathematics. Researchers see this as a problem that must be solved by applying active knowledge sharing model on learning in school. This study uses the study literature from various articles, some books and journals to see the importance of the ability of confidence on learning mathematics. The indicators in this self-confidence among others is able to be objective, have self-confidence and positive attitude towards self, responsibility and able to adjust to the circumstances surrounding environment. This article explains why the active knowledge sharing model can influence students self-confidence by using theory in psychology, and shows examples of ways of learning using active knowledge sharing model that is very useful in learning mathematics Keywords: knowledge sharing, primary school, mathematic, self-confidence PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurdin Kamil)

161	ABS-138	1. Mathematics Education
The Ability of Students Visual Thinking in Solving Integral Problems Ummu Sholihah1* , Toto Nusantara2 , Cholis Sadijah3 and Hery Susanto4 IAIN Tulungagung Abstract Abstract. Problem solving is a high-level mental activity visualization has been an area of interest for a number of researchers concerned with mathematics education. Visual thinking is an important part of mathematical thinking. The purpose of this study will describe the ability of students visual thinking in solving integral problems. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study show that there are three level of visual ability. The first, the student in a non-visual are unable to representing and interpreting problems (concepts) graphically, however be able algebraically but incomplete. The Second, the student in a local-visual are able to generating specific information from diagrams, however unable to drawing and using diagrams in problem solving. The third, the student in global-visual are able to understanding algebra and geometry as an alternative language and they indicate complete competence in problem solving. Keywords: visualisation, integral, problem solving PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ummu Sholihah)

162	ABS-396	1. Mathematics Education
Preliminary study on mathematical problem solving ability of junior high school students on the triangle subject D R Ningsih1*, E Nurlaelah2 and A Jupri2 1Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia *dewi_ratnaningsih16[at]yahoo.com 2Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract The triangle subject is a part of geometry concept. The subject is important to be mastered if a student wants to develop the geometrical ability. However, in the fact, some research reveal that Mathematical problem solving ability of students is still low because students are not yet accustomed to solve mathematical problems yet. The purpose of this study to determine the ability of mathematical problem solving students in junior high school on the triangle subject. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The sample in this study is consisted of 32 students in the grade IX which was taken with purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through the test which consists of three essay questions based on the indicators: (1) identify the adequacy of the data; (2) create a mathematical model of daily problems and solve it; (3) select and implement strategies to solve mathematical problems; (4) interpret the results according to the origin of the problem and do the verification. The results of this study indicate that students difficulties in problem solving, and every student has different levels of mathematical problem solving ability. Keywords: Geometry, Triangle, Mathematical problem solving ability PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Ratna Ningsih)

163	ABS-652	1. Mathematics Education
Ethno-Mathematics in Learning Mathematics on The Material of The Tubes in The Tradition of Malamang in Ulakan Nagari Pariaman Fauziah, Rieke Alyusfitri Universitas Bung Hatta, Jl. Sumatra Ulak Karang, Padang 25133, Indonesia Abstract This research aims to describe and analyze the ethno-matematics in learning mathematics at malamang tradition in Nagari Ulakan Pariaman. The Research methods a descriptive method is by using the techniques of observation and documentation. Malamang is a welcoming community in the tradition to celebrate the Prophet Muhammad Saw. In the tradition of this society malamang ulakan pariaman make lemang, in making the learning of Mathematics there in the lemang material Volume of the tube/Reed. Lamang made from sticky rice, coconut milk that was burned in the reeds. The results showed that the obtained volume tubes/Reed, the meaning of the word multitude of glutinous rice with coconut milk in the Reed is determined by the diameter and length of the Reed. The greater the length of the Reed and the greater also glutinous rice and coconut milk are used, and also in the tradition of learning mathematics there malamang. Keywords: Malamang, volume, tubes/Reed PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ezy fauziah)

164	ABS-141	1. Mathematics Education
What Kinds of Questions Which Is Asked by Novice Teachers in Learning Mathematics L Zahra, T A Kusmayadi, and B Usodo Mathematics Education Department, Sebelas Maret University Abstract This study described the kinds of questions asked by novice teachers during mathematics learning process in senior high school. This study used descriptive analysis. The subjects of this study were 2 novice teachers who teach mathematics in 10th grade. The result shows that the frequent questions asked by novice teacher based on the objective were compliance questions, rhetorical questions and sometimes prompting questions and probing questions. The frequent questions asked by novice teacher based on the cognitive process dimension of Revised Blooms Taxonomy were questions of remembering, questions of understanding, questions of applying, questions of analyzing and questions of evaluating. The novice teacher asked the routine questions which had same thinking level. The question with the highest level in thinking did not ask by the novice teacher. Keywords: kinds of question, novice teacher, Revised Blooms Taxonomy, learning mathematics PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Labiba Zahra)

165	ABS-397	1. Mathematics Education
Various Student Strategies in Making Graph of Quadratic Functions Aidil Saputra (a*), Al Jupri (b), Nanang Priatna (b) a) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. SetiaBudhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *aidil_saputra[at]student.upi.edu b) Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. SetiaBudhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract Writing down the things that we think is a very important act. Including writing down things to be conveyed to others. In conveying something, every individual has their own way. Likewise in terms of describing the graph of quadratic functions. In this article, we would like to explain the ways students used to create graphs of quadratic function. We found four types of images produced from thirty-six students who worked on the questions we gave. This is related to the strategies students use to draw a graph of quadratic functions. Related to these strategies, we plan to explore it more deeply in terms of student learning styles. Keywords: Quadratic function; Graph of quadratic functions; Learning style PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aidil Saputra)

166	ABS-655	1. Mathematics Education
Increasing 10th grade students mathematical representation through mind mapping strategy P K Sari*, S Suhendra and A Jupri Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia *ksputri94[at]gmail.com Abstract Mathematical representation is one of the important abilities mastered by students, in an attempt to find a solution of a problem, both math problems, as well as daily problems. One way to increase this ability is through mind mapping strategy. Mind mapping strategy involves students actively in mapping information through effective note-taking techniques. The mind map process shows a picture of interconnectedness, and a clear relationship between concepts. In expressing an idea, students can recall information associated with the learned knowledge by projecting the idea into a map or graphic technique. In addition, mind mapping activities can enhance students creativity through freedom of imagination, so learning becomes more interesting. The main problem in this research is whether mind mapping strategy can increase students mathematical representation. This research is a quasi experiment with nonequivalent control group designs. This research involves 63 tenth grade students in Muara Bungo, Jambi. The result of this research is a significant improvement to students mathematical representation through mind mapping strategy. Keywords: Mind Mapping Strategy, Mathematical Representation PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Putri Komala Sari)

167	ABS-400	1. Mathematics Education
Students lateral mathematical thinking ability on trigonometric problems M E Nggaba, T Herman, and S Prabawanto Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract To describe students lateral mathematical thinking ability on trigonometric problems, we conducted a research on 30 students (15/16 year old) in West Java, Indonesia. This research is a qualitative descriptive research and data collection technique is written test with 3 description questions. The test results were analyzed using three indicators of lateral mathematical thinking ability, i.e (1) finding different ways of looking at things, (2) identifying the dominant ideas of the problems, and (3) associating concepts / ideas into several strategies may be true or false. Results of the study showed that: (1) almost one-third of the number of students can look for different ways of looking at a problem, (2) more than one-third of students can identify the dominant ideas of the problem, and (3) more than half students can associate a concept / idea so that it becomes some strategies that may be true or false. Based on the result of research, it is seen that most students do not have good lateral thinking ability in solving trigonometric problems. Keywords: lateral mathematical thinking ability, mathematical problem, trigonometry PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mayun Erawati Nggaba)

168	ABS-145	1. Mathematics Education
Exploring of mathematics learning difficulties for students based on heterogeneous group and cognitive style in elementary school K Suranata, I B Rangka, I Ifdil, Z Ardi, I K Dharsana N K Suarni, and I K Gading Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia. Universitas Indraprasta PGRI, Jakarta, Indonesia. Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia. Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia. Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia. Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia. Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia. Abstract Students with mathematics learning difficulties (MLDs) are heterogeneous. They can grow from various socio-economic groups or based on specific district areas. Cognitive style is likewise worked as a reference to perform grouping of children into certain sub-type MLDs. This study aims at exploring sub-types of MLDs in elementary school students by gender, district area, and cognitive style. This study involved 153 elementary school students in Buleleng Regency, Bali. The students tested their underlying of mathematical abilities for numerical understanding, geometry, and measurement materials. The cognitive style was determined to utilize the Children Embedded Figures Test (CEFT). Data were analysed using Rasch Model. There are 137 students have a problem with mathematics based on MLDs test. The female students and the dependence from an urban or suburbs school have a most serious problem in mathematics learning. These findings have means for the intervention of MLDs based on specific gender groups, district areas and cognitive styles. Keywords: Cognitive style, MLDs, field dependence indefendence, mathematic learning dificulties, student learning dificulties, elementary school, Rasch model. PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kadek Suranata)

169	ABS-657	1. Mathematics Education
DEVELOPING DIDACTIC DESIGN IN TRIANGLE AND RECTANGULAR TOWARD STUDENTS MATHEMATICAL CREATIVE THINKING THROUGH VISUAL BASIC FOR POWER POINT Euis Eti Rohaeti, Adi Nurjaman, Indah Puspita Sari, Martin Bernard, Wahyu Hidayat e2rht[at]ikipsiliwangi.ac.id IKIP Siliwangi Abstract Triangle and quadrilateral material has been studied since the students are in elementary school, but the junior high school students still struggle to solve problems related to triangle and quadrilateral. The research method used in this research is qualitative method with Didaktis Design Research approach (DDR). DDR is a research conducted through three stages didactic situation analysis before learning which its form is Didaktis Hypothesis Design, metadidactic analysis and retrospective analysis. Its define as an analysis which relate the result of didactic hypothesis analysis and the result of metadidactic analysis. Based on the results of the analysis shows that learning by using didactic design in teaching triangle and quadrilateral, students are able to work through the completion of visual basic power point. analysis and observation of the writers when learning takes place, the difficulties faced by students in solving the problem of mathematical creative ability is that students not usually used it for facing problems with indicators of creative ability of mathematics. So in general some students from both classes have depicted to the students creativity in solving the problem, but there is no answer and the level of thinking is low Keywords: DIDACTIC DESIGN; CERATIVE THINGKING; VISUAL BASIC PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Euis Eti Rohaeti)

170	ABS-146	1. Mathematics Education
The Role of Conjecture via Analogical Reasoning in Solving Problem based on Piagets theory supratman Universitas Siliwangi Abstract This study aims to reveal the role of conjecture through analogical reasoning in learning. Uncover the role of conjecture via analogical reasoning; Students are given open analogy problem. Researcher exploration to 52 students of seventh grade; who can to conjecture via analogical reasoning correctly. To unravel the thought process; Researchers use Think out loud method. Results of problem solving studied based on Piagets theory and level of thinking of Krulik. The results are obtained; the level of student thinking is variation among others; critical thinking, approaching creative thinking and creative thinking. Keywords: conjecture, analogical reasoning, critical thinking, creative thinking PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Supratman -)

171	ABS-147	1. Mathematics Education
Learning Trajectory of Three Dimensions Through Analytical Geometry Approach Dean Refangga Setiadi, Endang Mulyana, Endang Cahya Mulyaning Asih Universitas Penddikan Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this research is to create a learning trajectory of the distance, angle, and angular measure concept in three dimensions. The underlying problem of this research was the discovery of obstacles in learning trajectory which was built in the Euclidean geometry approach that already existed, such as the lack of spatial sense of students, capability of teachers, and the habit of learning activities. The method used in this research is a qualitative research, particularly prospective analysis part of the didactical design research through observational learning, literary studies of materials related topics, and interview. Based on the results of research and discussion, the vector topic learning activity was too emphasized on the algebra, so the learning trajectory that was recently compiled through analytic geometry approach, required an emphasis on exploration of the vector geometric representation. The new learning trajectory, i.e. through analytical geometry approach, that has been formed can be useful to address the problem of learning trajectory before. For future research, we consider to develop a didactical design with this learning trajectory as the main learning framework. Keywords: Learning trajectory, analytical geometry, didactical design research, three dimensions, vector PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dean Refangga Setiadi)

172	ABS-659	1. Mathematics Education
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Conflict on the Concept of Differential Wahyu Setiawan, Veny Triyana Andika Sari IKIP Siliwangi Abstract This study aims to explore the effectiveness of learning with cognitive conflict approach seen from the initial ability of students. This research method is quasi-experiment where there are two groups of a sample of class. Then in both classes are given pretest and posttest but the treatment is different that is given treatment with learning that uses cognitive conflict strategy and by using ordinary learning. The subject of this research is the students of class XI IPA in Cimahi city. The results of the study show that cognitive conflict learning approaches are more effective in improving mathematical reasoning abilities. This is because in cognitive conflict approach students are more able to think critically. Students are directed to be able to solve problems in everyday life. The cognitive conflict learning approach is expected to be the teachers choice to improve the ability of mathematical reasoning. Keywords: cognitive conflict approach, mathematical reasoning PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wahyu Setiawan)

173	ABS-148	1. Mathematics Education
Learning Obstacle in Angle in Geometry: Between Spatial Sense and Geometry Basic Concept Dean Refangga Setiadi, Endang Mulyana, Didi Suryadi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this research is to find the real problem in learning the concept of angle in geometry. The underlying problem of this research was the results of some study which stated that the lack of spatial sense was the root of all problem in learning the concept of angle in geometry. This research done by test, interview, text book analysis, and class observations. Based from the results and discussions, the learning obstacles in this concept are the lack of geometry basic concept and spatial sense of student, the missing concept of angular measure in text books and learning process, and learning activity of student that was more in the form of accepting rather than constructing. It concludes that the lack of spatial sense was not the root of problem in learning this concept, but the lack of geometry basic concept in their understanding that resulting in weak ability of the spatial sense of students. For future research, we consider to develop a didactical design with angular measure concept as the main learning framework. Keywords: Spatial sense, angular measure, angle in geometry, geometry basic concept PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dean Refangga Setiadi)

174	ABS-404	1. Mathematics Education
Mathematical literacy as the 21st century skill Lussy Midani Rizki and Nanang Priatna Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract In the 21st century, the problems encountered in the daily life are increasingly difficult and complicated. It is important for each individual to know and understand the role of mathematics in real life so that the individual is able to appropriately evaluate and consider the use of mathematics for meeting the needs of being a society member who is constructive, caring, and willing to think. This skill is called mathematical literacy skill. This article focuses on competencies indicating that the students have mathematical literacy skill. The data in this article were collected through the literature study method, which aims to collect relevant information on the topic from written documents such as journals and books. Keywords: 21st century ability, mathematical literacy. PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (lussy midani rizki)

175	ABS-149	1. Mathematics Education
Exploration of students quantitative reasoning in solving mathematical problem: a case study of field-dependent (FD) cognitive style Muhammad Muzaini (a*), Dwi Juniati (b), Tatag Y.E Siswono (b) a) Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP), Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo, Jalan. Latammacelling No. 19, Tompotika, Wara, Palopo 91911, Indonesia *ucha.2610[at]gmail.com b) Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Jl. Ketintang Wiyata No.48, Ketintang, Gayungan, Kota SBY, Jawa Timur 60231 Abstract Quantitative reasoning plays a key role in the problem-solving process. This skill ensures that understanding a problem will be more effective, so the problem-solving process will be more productive. Many educators and mathematics teachers around the world are trying to develop a relationship between mind and real-life problems of students that can be mathematically solved. Therefore it is necessary to develop students concepts of quantity through calculation based on the nature of an object. The effort made to achieve that goal is to develop students ability to use the quantitative reasoning in solving problems. This study aimed at identifying the students quantitative reasoning in solving mathematical problems. The type of this research was explorative research with qualitative approach. The subject of this research was eighth grade student who was male and had Field-dependent (FD) cognitive style. The main data of this research was obtained by interview technique. Time triangulation was used to generate credible data. Data were categorized from interview and task result, reduced, analyzed and interpreted to make conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the quantitative reasoning of subjects in the problem-solving process focuses on quantity. During the interview process, the subject demonstrates the ability to identify and interpret quantities, determine relationships among the quantities, represent all the quantities and their interrelationships. The results of this study are important as input materials for teachers and the development of mathematics education. In this case developing and utilizing the quantitative reasoning that students have in the learning process. Keywords: Quantitative Reasoning; Cognitive Style; Problems Solving PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MUHAMMAD MUZAINI)

176	ABS-405	1. Mathematics Education
Mathematics Anxiety among Prospective Elementary Teachers and Their Treatment D Daharnis1, H Nirwana1, I Ifdil1*, A Afdal1, Z Ardi1, T Taufik1, E Erlamsyah1, A Alizamar1, R P Fadli1, L Erwinda1, N Zola2, R Refnadi1 1 Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia 2 Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Therapy, Indonesia Abstract Primary school teachers need to master a variety of subjects in the school and must have the competence to teach varioussubjects, including math. The phenomenon found in the field wasmathematics anxiety experienced by prospective elementary school teachers. The phenomenon of mathematics anxiety experienced by the elementary school teacher candidate was exaggerated in the form of anxiety response related to learning activities, solving, and discussing math problems. If this anxiety continues, it can impact the declining performance in teaching. As a result,the learning process is not optimal. Such conditions are contradictory to the practical demands of elementary school teachers in schools. One of alternative treatmentsto reduce the anxiety is by using neuro-linguistic programming. This study uses Single Subject Research (SRS) of eight respondents with the very high and high mathematic anxiety level. Instruments used Mini Mathematic Anxiety Scale (MMAS) and observation. Based on the research findings, neuro-linguistic treatment programming can reduce of anxiety level of respondents. Keywords: mathematic anxiety, prospective, elementary teachers, NLP PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Daharnis Daharnis)

177	ABS-661	1. Mathematics Education
Students algebraic thinking processed in mathematic problem solving especially on function discussion basic material based on mathematic ability D P Sari1, F R Fiantika2 Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, Jl. K. H. Achmad Dahlan No. 54, Kediri 64129, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. This purpose of this research is to describe students algebraic thinking processed in mathematic problem solving based on mathematic ability with cluster student. This research was conducted by using quantitative approach with descriptive method. Elements of algebraic thinking used Kieran (2013:) like as problem solving ability, representation ability, and quantitative reasoning ability which had modified by importan researched. Sample of this research are three students with different mathematic ability. The results showed that algebraic thinking proocessed by advanced mathematic ability get GOOD performance, algebraic thinking processed by intermediate mathematic ability get GOOD performance, and algebraic thinking processed by low mathematic ability get LESS performance. This result should be encouraged by Claire (2009: 275) which studied discussion in a group can improvement algebraic thinking. Keywords: Keywords : algebraic thinking, mathematic ability, problem solving. PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (dewi purnama sari)

178	ABS-664	1. Mathematics Education
Problem solving skill of junior high school students on the solid geometry topic F Rahmadeni*, S Prabawanto and D Dasari Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No. 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to investigate problem solving skills of junior high school students in solid geometry (cube, cuboid, prism, and pyramid) topic. A descriptive qualitative research study through individual written test (essay) was conducted to described problem solving skill of junior high school students. A test was given to 32 students of ninth grade in one of junior high school in Bengkulu, Indonesia. The result show that almost all student difficult to: 1) make strategy to solve the problem, 2) use the strategy planned before to solve the problem. This result of the study conclude that problem solving skills of junior high school students are low. The result of this study show us the need for developing an efffective learning which can fasilitate students in improving their problem solving skill. Keywords: problem solving skill, solid geometry PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fevi Rahmadeni)

179	ABS-665	1. Mathematics Education
Construction of fractional concepts through visualization Henry Kurniawan (1*), Akbar Sutawidjaja (2), Abdur Rahman Asari (2), Makbul Muksar (2), and Iwan Setiawan (3) (1)Program Studi Manajemen Informatika, Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 10 Rajabasa, Bandar Lampung 35141, Indonesia *henry_stk[at]polinela.ac.id (2)Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Sumbersari, Lowokwaru Malang 65145, Indonesia (3)SMA Negeri 2 Martapura, Jl Merdeka No.400 Terukis, Maratapura OKU Timur, Sum-Sel, Indonesia Abstract The fundamental aspect of fractional learning is to instill a profound fractional concept so that it can apply it to real situations and experience the fractional benefits in everyday life. Understanding the concept of fractions is the result of construction of the fractional objects. The construction of this fractional concept is done through visualization that manipulates the making of drawings, diagrams or animations for the appearance of fractional information. This research is a qualitative study that describes the construction of fractional concepts as equal parts of the whole and the construction of a fractional concept of value. Subjects in this study as many as 9 selected students from 22 students are grouped into 3 groups, namely (1) failed construction groups and true visualization; (2) failed construction group and failed visualization; and (3) true construction group and true visualization. The results of this study are group (1) the visualization has followed the appropriate pattern but is less precise in the calculation, the group (2) does not understand the concept of fraction so that it fails to visualize, and group (3) can already visualize the concept of fractions with different visualization form from the pattern. Keywords: construction, fractions of concept, and visualization PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Henry Kurniawan)

180	ABS-666	1. Mathematics Education
Improving Students Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills through K-N-W-S Strategy Ramlah Amalia, Endang Cahya M.A., B.A. Priatna Departemen Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl Dr Setiabudhi No 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia Abstract The research aims to analyze the improvement of mathematical critical thinking skills of student through K-N-W-S Strategy. Quasi experiment was used as research method with pretest-posttest control group design. It was conducted at one of the middle schools in Bandung. Population in this reasearch was 8th grade student of ten parallel classes. Two classes ware taken randomly as the research sample which consisting of 35 students in the experimental group and 33 students in the control group. The result showed that the improvement of mathematical critical thinking skills of students who acquired K-N-W-S strategy is higher significantly than students who acquired conventional strategy Keywords: Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills ; K-N-W-S Strategy PermaLink | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ramlah Amalia)

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